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Activation of MC1R via Gs cAMP MITF (the master transcription factor of melanogenesis) leads to: Activation of tyrosinase , the key enzyme of melanin synthesis Conversion of pheomelanin (red/yellow pigment) to eumelanin (black/brown)

[DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Nucci D., Fatigoni C., Amerio A., Odone A., Gianfredi V

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The FDA stirred enormous controversy when, without much notice, they placed some of the most popular peptides on their category 2 list, which disallows the compounding with these bulk substances also known as (APIs) Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients

In a 2022 randomized, double-blind study, researchers assessed the efficacy of topical silymarin versus 2% hydroquinone cream as a melasma treatment